Induction-motor and generator.



PATBNTED MAY 14. 1907.

Y No, 853,465.

R. D MERSHON. INDUCTION 'MOTOR AND GENERATOR.

. APPLIUATIOH IvILBD HAY 28. 1906.

s SHEETS-slum' '1Q and Caalcr PATBNTED MAY 14, 1907;y

R. D. MERS-HON'.

INDUCTION MOTOR AND GENERATOR. y

PPLIUA'l-IUF FIL-BD HAY 28. i906.

y3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

TATBNTRD MAY' 14, 1907.

No. 853.465.. Y

R. D. MRRSRON.

INDOOTION MOTOR ANO GENERATOR.

APPLIOATIOF FILED HAY 28. 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

C72/@Mmm Je o ALW@ UNITE-.n srATEs PATE-Nr oirios. RALPH D.. MER-slidmaiw YORK, ,Nl Y. INDUCTION-MOTOR AAN!)A GENERATOR. y

Specification of Lettera Patent.

PatentedMay 14, 1907'.

Application vled Mey 28,1906. Serial No. 319,096.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I,'RALPH D. MERsHoN, a citizenof the United States, residing at New York,'in the county and State of New York, have -invented certain new and useful Im'- provements in Induction-Motors and Generators,of which thel followingis a specifica'- tion, reference being had to the drawings accompanying and formin -part of the same.

In a` copendin app ication, Serial No. 257,991, filed Apri 29, 1905, I have described and claimed broadly a planfor improving the o eration of induction motors and generators, oiwhich plan an important feature is the employment of anelectrolytic condenser or condensers in the secondary winding or windings.

The scheme described in the said application will answer with theordinary condenser, but in such case, in order that the condenser shall not be ob'ectionably large and costl the secondary-o the machine willhave to bye Wound for a hi her voltage than would otherwise be desirab e. This is not true, howevenwith a condenser of the electrolytic type, since such a condenser is inherently one demanding a comparatively low voltage; that is, the vari-b4 ous elements of the con enser are operative effectively for comparatively, low voltage, and that very much lower than is ordinarily .desirable for the usual form of condenser. The usual form of electrol tic condenser has in it a very high loss. n other-words its efficiency is low,l which makes its use 'objec.

tionable inv many cases where it would be desirable b reason of its cheapness or other good qua ities. When used in the secondary of an induction motor, however, ,this characteristic of the electrolytic condenser is no longer` objectionable, but. is rather an advanta ein that it is 'desirable to obtain inthe secon` ary of an induction motor, unde'r iven conditions, as high a loss as ossible. e are not, however, confined-to t e use of low viols tage with such a condenser; since by putting the necessary number of elements in series a condenser may, if desired, be obtained which is operative at highvoltage. y

Slnce the Ordinar condenser preferabl has a comparative y. high voltage, it 1s usually necessary, where such a condenser is used, to wind the secondar .for a higher voltage than otherwise wou d be Adesirable or required, thus makin the machine more bulk and very material y increasing lts cost. But y reason of the fact that the electro] tic condenser is effectively operative at ow voltage the secondary, with such a condenser, need not be Wound for a higher voltage than that demanded by other conditions under which the machine is designed to be used. The electrolytic condenser may even be used with a squirrel cage winding, or bar Windingsimilar'theretm a type of winding which 1s for certain purposes especially advantageoiis. In any case the condenser may bein parallel withinductance, orresistance, or both, or, may be on a separate winding of its own. Where desirable there may'even be three sets `of windings on the secondary element,-one for use in connection-with the condensers, one for the resistances, and one for the inductances.-l All of these' arrangements Vvare fully described and. claimed broadly in my application above identified.

Myl present invention relates to' the fore oing scheme, and has for its ob'eot to` provide a machine in which the electroll is mounted in, on, or alongside of the secondary when the latter is the rotating element. This arrangement' possesses a number of structural advantages, articularly in the case of a machine in which the number of poles is variable. more fully pointed out hereinafter..

In view of the well known reversibility of the induction motor, in that when driven above synchronism it will actas a, generator and deliver pow-er to the circuit to which it ma beconnected, the following description wil for thesake o f brevit and sim hcity, be confined tothe motor; ut itwill erecognized by those skilled in the artthat the invention is applicable to generators as well.

In carrying out my invention inits pre-n ferred form in a'rachine in which the secondary is the rotating element, I mount the electrolytic condenser alongside of the secondary on the same shaft, and connect the condenser directly with the secondar Winding bytaps brought out through tlbie condenser casing. By thus making the conyti'c condenser These .advantages will be denser praoticall a partofithe rotating element the use of s ip rings, to connect the two electrically, 'may be avoided. In the case of l a motor adapted for s eed control by variation in the number'o its oles the use of a stationary condenser invo ves'the use of a' large number 'of slip rings; but with my in,-

vention the number o slip rings may be largely reduced, or eliminated entirely-1f de- 1 1oI sired.

The preferredv form`l of the invention is 45 able insulating materia illustrated, somewhat diagrammatically, in the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sect-ion of a motor, showing the stationary rimary and rotating secondary,'both of the ramme ring ty e, and an electrolytic condenser mounte on thesame shaft as the secondary.

This figure also Shows a system ofpiping for circulating the electrolyte through the conro denser and around the primary and secondary elements, to cool the same. Fig. 2 shows' a desirable form of condenser element, provided with perforations to permit free circulation of the electrolyte.

other plan of mounting the condenser, leaving the interior open to the atmosphere, so

that the electrolyte will bein Jcontact with the air and thus give an op'portunityto be.

. cooled by radiation, convection, evapora- 2o tion, etc. Figs. 4 and 5 show modifications of Figs..1 and 3 respectively. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic end view of a secondary with a drum winding, showing the invention applied thereto. Fig. 7 is` a diagram showing z 5 one of many possible plans for connecting the condenser, and also resistances and in'- ductances, with the secondary windings.

Fig. Sis a diagram showing a motor adapted for speed control by variation in the number 3o of its poles, with condensers, resistances, and inductancesin the secondary.

Referring nowmore particularly to Fig. 1.,'

P indicates the primary element, 1n the present instance one of the Gramme ring type. 3 5j The secondary, -orf the same type, is indicated.

at S, The seconda S', rotating in suitab e bearings b.

The electrol tic-condenser is mounted onthe shaft S', a ongside of the secondary, and

4o consists of an outer cylindrical casing C, in.v

closing a series of plates or electrodes c, ref'- erably, but not necessarily of circular4 orm and concentrically arranged. `The whole is 4insulated from the shaft b a sleeve c of suitl). The condenser yelectrodes are of metal, and the electrolyte is one of the numerous solutions suitable for the ose.

be ol' aluminium and the electrolyte a solu- 5o tion of borax.4

The condenser lates are'connected VWith thesecondary coil; by taps as, c, Vbrought.

. out .through'o-penings in the condenser casing C, 'for example in the peripheral surface thereof, or 4through the shaft,` and connected to the secondary Winding or windings at; the I 4 ort e(purpose of preventing overheating of the con enser, provision is made forcircu- 6oating the. liquidl eiectroiyte through the plates, as' shown in Fig. 11. The shaft S is l ollow, to accommodate pipes h, h. `,The

` "pipe h communicates #with the interior o the condenser 'at one or more points near its pe- 65` riphery, while the other pipe, h, opens into Fig. 3 shows an` is mounted on a shaft" For instance, Vthe electrodes mayV the condenser near the axis of the same at one or more points. At the end of the shaft the two pipesare connected to conduits h2, h3, by an suitable coupling to permit rotation of t e shaft. The conduits h2, h3, are connected with any suitable pumping'and cooling ap aratus or other circu ating means,

` merely in( icated at H, so that the electrolyte .can be cooled and forced positivel through the condenser. Il4 desired the con( uit h3 can be led `to the primaryand disposed in Jvany suitable way, as coilin it thereon, to cool the same, while the pi e t may be similarly disosed in the secontary element. In order to acilitate the circulation of the liquid through the condenser the plates or electrodes may be perforated, as shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 1 the electrolyte flows first around the primary and secondary elements before entering the condenser, but it is clearthat the'system of' ''piping may be arranged to deliver t e liquid rst to the condenser, or in any other way, as desired.

In the form lshown in' Fig., 3,110 liquid cir- .culating system is employe is provided with enlarged openingsthrough which the shaft passes, and the casingis carried by suitable spiders d d. The electrodes are provided with similar o enings, and are supported b insulating ro s E E. 4ln this form of con enser the amount of liquid electrolyte employed must be considerably less than in thecase first described, so that when the motor is at rest the electrolyte will not overflow ,the casingl through the shaft openings. electrolyte is 'distributed around the condenser of the same bythe influence of centrifugal force, as will be readily understood. The air thus havin free access to the interior of the condenser, t e latter may be cooled by radiation, convection, evaporation of the electrolyte, etc. taps .from the condenser may be rought out through the shaft opening or through other openings in the casing, as desired. i

Whenever desirable, fresh electrolyte may be added in any suitable way, to take the place ofthat lost. by evaporation or otherwise and thus kee a proper amount in the condenser. It is c ear that themore electrolyte there isfin the condenser the greater will bethe amount of electrodesurface covered by the electrolyte, and consequently v'the greater -will-be the capacity of the condenser; or conversely the smaller Vwillbe the'jslze of the condenser required for a given capacity.

` In this respect, in addition to the capability of circulation of the electrolyte, the arrange-` ment descrbdis preferable, inassiaeh 'course' clear thatthe capacity of the' con- When the condenseris rotating theV In this arran ement the y The casing Cf .9c

' on the rotating lwith enlarged shaft openings. eectrodesc are` secured to an insulating denser in -both' arrangements, 1 and Fig.

3, may be-varied by varying the quantity of electrolyte in the casing.

If desired. the casin of the condenser may lan as applied to the construction shown in.l

ustrated in Fig. 4: The casing C2 is mounted on any suitable support C3, and is insulated from the rotating shaft by insulating bushings c3 which fit the shaft closely to prevent leakage o f the electrolyte. The plates c are secured to aninsulating sleeve c* shaft. .The electrolyte may be circulated t rough'the device by means of the pipes h4, h5, as will be readily understood. A similar modilication of the construction shown in Fig. 3 is illustrated in Fig. 5. e Therein, C* indicates the stationary casing, provided The plates or eeve c5 on the rotating shaft. The taps from thecondenser-plates arenot shown 1n Figs. 4 and 5, but it is clear that theymay be brought out in any suitable way, as already described in connection with Figs. 1 and 3.

The primar and the secondary of the motor shown in ig. 1 are ofthe rin type.. The invention is not, however, limited to such type, but may ot er forms, for example, rum windings and squirrel cage windings. An instance of the former is shown in Fig. 6, in which windicates the drum winding' and one of the condensers.A I nductances or resistances, or

both, may of course be used also,if desired,

as shown, for example, in Figs. 7 and 8, described below.

As mentioned above, the electrolytic condenser is well adapted for use with squirrel eagevoi bar windings, a type which lends tion of the number of poles in the primary. In my copending application above referred to I have illustrated several arrangements' of inductances, condensers, and resistances inthe secondary, particularly adapted forl change in the number of poles in the primary. One of these arrangements is shown in Fie. in the annexed drawings. Therein it willbe seen. that there arel three sets of overlapgin windings, indicated by w', wz, w3, eac o which is provided with 'condensers, inductances, and resistances illustrated by the.

usual conventional representations. In Inaking the desired connections from acondensery -on the secondary shaft, the plates are, by

means of the taps brought out from the condenser, connected in sets of two or more between the bars constitutin a set of windings, as indicated in Fig. 7, each condenser shown in the latter figure thus bein made u of two or more adjacent plate su aces. In ig. S there is but one set of bars, with the inductences. cordensci's. :and rcsistances connected ,'tioned figureV shows a variable primar the leads therefor be ein loyed e ually well with' itself most readily to speed control by'variafbetween the adjacent bars. The last men- 'ole motor, adapted to lrun with two andwit four poles, thus 'giv' Q two synchronous speeds. In this fi re G indicates the sourceI of current, wlich may of course be either sin le-phase, as shown, or polyphase.y P and i 2 are the prima and the secondary res ectively, of any suitable kind, as for exam e the single ring windings shown. E is a diagrammatic controller. By tracing the connections it will be seen that in the firstpositionof the controller two poles will be reduced in the lieing tapped in at l an l. In the next position the number .of poles is changed to four, produced 'by While I have shown only ai squirrel cave secondary in a variable-pole motor, itis 'to e understood that the invention is not confined thereto, but maybe used'in a 'variable-pole motor having any other type of secondary.

It is clear that to connect the condensers in the secondary windings ,by meansof slip 'rings in the usual wa even for two and four poles, would make t e apparatus extremely complicated. With my present invention, however, the connections may be made simply b bringing out the necessary number of taps i7 om the condenser, lthe latter being of course provided with the required number of lates or elements, and 'the use of slip rings hetweenv the condenser and the' secondary may therefore be entirely avoided.

Only single-phase machines are shown in the various figures, but it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention isA ap licable to polyphase apparatus as well.

lV'hat I claim is:

1. In .an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating second ary element,

IOC

and a rotating electrolytic condenser or condensers connected with the secondary wind,- ing or windin s, as set forth.

2`.'In an a ternating current machine of the'induction type, the combination of a primaryvelement, a rotating econdary element, a shaft therefor, an electrolytic condenser or condensers mounted on the same I'shaft and rotating with the secondary element, andy connections from'the condenser er condensers to the secondary windingfor windings, as set forth. t t.

3. .In an alternating current machine ofthe induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating second ary element,a plurality of condenser plates or electrodes rotating with the shaft, a casing inclosing the plates and adapted to contain an electrolyte,l and connections from the said plates or electrodes to the secondary winding or windings, as setl forth.

4. In an alternating' current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating secondary element, a sh aft therefor, a casing mounted on the same shaft and rotating therewith and adapted to contain an electrolyte, a plurality of condenser plates or electrodes in the casing, and connections from the condenser plates or electrodes to the secondary Winding or wind ings, as set forth.

5. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating secondary element, a shaft therefor, a cylindrical casing mounted concentrically on the same shaft alongside of the secondary'element, and adapted to con tain an electrolyte, a plurality of condenser plates or electrodes in the casing, 4arranged concentrically about the shaft, and'connections from the plates or electrodes'to the secondary Winding or windings, as set forth.

6. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating secondary element, a rotating electrolytic condenser or condensers connected with the secondary Winding or windings, and means for cooling the condenser or condensers, as set forth.

7. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating-secondary element, a shaft therefor, a plurality `of condenser plates or electrodes rotating with the shaftand connected with the secondary Winding or 'sald windings, a casing inclosing the plates and adapte to contain an electrolyte, and means for circulating the electrolyte through the said casing, as set forth.

8'. In an 4alternating current 4machine of the induction type, the combination of a pri@ mary element, a rotating secondary element, a hollow shaft therefor, `a casing throughl which the shaft extends, ladapted to contain an electrolyte, plates or electrodes inside the` casing, rotating with shaft and connected with the secondary windin or Windin' s, 45

ilies extending from the casing through t e o lowsr shaft, a rotating coupling on said pipes, and vcirculating means connected with )lpes through said rotating cou lin where ythe electrolyte may be circu ate throu' h thecasing, as set forth.'

9." n an alternating current machine of the induction type, Ithe combination of a primary' element, a rotating seconda element, an `electrolytic condenser or con ensersfro# tating with the secondary elenent, and conseams nected with the secondary winding or windings, and means for cooling the condenser or condensers and the primary element, as set forth.

10. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary element, a rotating seconda element, an electrolytic condenser or con ensers rotating with the secondary element and connected with the winding or windings thereof, and means for cooling the condenser or condensers, the primaryelement and the sec` ondary element, as setforth.

11. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of a primary elemcnt, a rotating secondav element, an electrolytic condenser or con ensers rotating with lthe secondary element and connected with the winding or windings thereof, and means for circulating the electrolyte through the condenser or condensers, the prima? and the secondary elements, as set fort f l 12. In an alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of aprimary element, a rotating seconda element, an electrolytic condenser or con ensers rotating with the secondaryelement and connected with the windin or windings thereof, v

the induction type,lthe combination of'a pril mary element, a rotating secondaJ element, an. ,electrolytic condenser or con ensers rotating with the secondary element, and having connections direct from the condenser or condensers to the secondary Winding' or windings and meansfor varying the number of poles in the primary element,- as set forth. 14. In an'alternating current machine of the induction type, the combination of aprimary element, a rotating seconda element,

and electrolytic condenser or con ensers rof tating with the secondary element on the `same shaft and provided with a cylindrical casing, connections from the condenser elements to the secondarywindin or windings,Vv

and means for varying the num er of poles in the primary element, as set forth.

RALPH D. MEnsHoN.'

Witnesses: f

M. Lawson Dran, 

